Credential · Training

Virtual/Augmented Reality

PTOTSLPATEPRTRNMTAudiology183 citations · 4 lenses

Emerging technology. VR training certifications are largely vendor-specific. Insufficient peer-reviewed evidence for training certification outcomes.

Scores · default weights
Clinical
44/100
Business
41/100
Academic Clinical
41/100
HealthTech & Industry
49/100

Each lens uses its own dimensions and default weights. Scores answer different questions across paths — they aren’t apples-to-apples. How scoring works →

Clinical breakdown
Clinical outcomes×35%
42/100

VR delivery evidence growing; training certification as distinct predictor of patient outcomes not studied.

Caseload applicability×15%
42/100

Growing applicability in neuro, vestibular, and pain rehabilitation; limited by equipment access.

Billing & reimbursement×15%
52/100

Remote patient monitoring and therapeutic activity codes applicable; some coverage for VR-based vestibular and pain management emerging.

Certification investment×20%
48/100

Device and platform-specific training; growing availability; moderate cost; hardware investment separate.

Employer demand×10%
30/100

Limited current employer demand; growing in technology-forward neuro and pain programs.

Patient experience×5%
50/100

VR engagement is high when technology is implemented smoothly.

Business breakdown
Cash-pay viability×25%
35/100

Consumers don't seek 'VR therapy' by name; it's a delivery tool, not a service patients pay premium for directly.

Pricing leverage×20%
40/100

Novelty allows modest premium in niches (peds, neuro, pain) but tech depreciates fast and no strong consumer brand.

Market differentiation×15%
55/100

Still uncommon in clinics, gives a marketing angle, but no protected credential and easily copied by buying hardware.

Owner leverage×15%
50/100

Tech-based, so other clinicians can deliver once trained — scales reasonably across staff.

Consumer demand×15%
30/100

Low direct consumer recognition; patients don't search for VR-certified PTs.

Credential investment×10%
35/100

Training is short but hardware/software costs and content curation are ongoing — moderate-to-poor ROI for small practice.

Academic Clinical breakdown
Faculty recognition×25%
35/100

Emerging area of interest but not a recognized credential for promotion or hiring; viewed as a research/teaching interest.

Scholarship signal×20%
55/100

Growing publication base in neuro/peds/pain rehab; good vehicle for grants and presentations.

Teaching value×15%
45/100

Useful for tech-in-rehab and neuro modules but peripheral to core DPT curriculum.

Evidence depth×20%
40/100

Mixed — some RCTs in stroke/pain but heterogeneous interventions and small samples limit strength.

Faculty demand×10%
20/100

Rarely listed in faculty job postings; not a required or strongly preferred qualification.

Credential investment×10%
40/100

No standardized cert path; time investment is mostly self-directed and variable.

HealthTech & Industry breakdown
Industry placement×25%
50/100

Vendor-specific XR training feeds into a small but expanding set of digital therapeutic companies.

Vendor / employer demand×20%
50/100

Demand exists but is fragmented across vendors and still maturing.

Salary premium×20%
42/100

Limited premium given thin evidence base and immature reimbursement.

Technical skill depth×15%
50/100

Exposure to XR development concepts without core engineering skill.

Transition fit×10%
55/100

Provides a credible entry signal for clinicians moving into XR product/clinical roles.

Credential investment×10%
52/100

Short vendor courses relative to optionality created.

Evidence base · 183 sources
178 other2 peer-reviewed1 government1 professional-society1 industry
  1. 01
    Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality training for improving social skills in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review
    Si-nae Ahn · Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1177/15691861251369043
  2. 02
    Augmented reality for lower limb motor rehabilitation in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    A. R. Alashram · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.03.010
  3. 03
    Whole Body Vibration or Virtual Reality on Muscle Strength and Activity of Daily Living in Children With Burn: A Comparative Trial
    M. S. Ali · Physiotherapy Research International2025
    Otherdoi:10.1002/pri.70102
  4. 04
    Using Virtual Therapy for Lymphedema and Disability Post-Mastectomy: Meta-Analysis with Systematic Review
    I. Bani Mohammad; M. Ahmad · Breast Care2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1159/000546605
  5. 05
    Rehabilitation using virtual gaming for Hospital and hOMe-Based training for the Upper limb in acute and subacute Stroke (RHOMBUS II): results of a feasibility randomised controlled trial
    T. Butcher; A. Warland; V. Stewart; B. Aweid; A. Samiyappan; E. Kal; J. Ryan; D. A. Athanasiou; K. Baker; G. Singla-Buxarrais; N. Anokye; C. Pound; F. Gowing; M. Norris; C. Kilbride · BMJ Open2025
    RCTdoi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089672
  6. 06
    Virtual Reality: A New Frontier of Physical Rehabilitation
    A. Capriotti; S. Moret; E. Del Bello; A. Federici; F. Lucertini · Sensors (Basel)2025
    Otherdoi:10.3390/s25103080
  7. 07
    Effect of virtual reality on improving arm function in individuals with cerebral palsy: an overview of meta-analyses
    Y. Chen; J. Xu; A. Howard · Developmental Neurorehabilitation2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/17518423.2025.2499803
  8. 08
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Complemented Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Lung Function, Exercise Capacity, Dyspnea, and Health Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Y. Chen; Y. Zhang; X. Long; H. Tu; J. Chen · J Med Internet Res2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2196/64742
  9. 09
    The Impact of Virtual Reality on Cardiopulmonary Function and Adherence in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Q. Cheng; F. Li; Q. Zhang; H. Yu; S. Wang · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/healthcare13222969
  10. 10
    Virtual reality-based therapy after anterior cruciate ligament injury effectively reduces pain and improves knee function, movement patterns, and dynamic balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    I. Cortés-Pérez; J. M. Desdentado-Guillem; M. S. Camacho-Delgado; M. Del Rocío Ibancos-Losada; E. Obrero-Gaitán; R. Lomas-Vega · Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1002/ksa.12477
  11. 11
    Immersive virtual reality reduces depression, anxiety and stress in patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review with meta-analysis
    I. Cortés-Pérez; E. Obrero-Gaitán; A. Verdejo-Herrero; N. Zagalaz-Anula; R. Romero-del-Rey; H. García-López · Heart & Lung2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.11.018
  12. 12
    A scoping review on the role of virtual walking intervention in enhancing wellness
    Y. Dai; J. Li; Y. Li; F. K. Y. Wong; M. Li; C. Li; Y. Jia; Y. Wang; J. Yorke · NPJ Digital Medicine2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1038/s41746-025-01609-y
  13. 13
    Virtual reality-enhanced vestibular exercises versus conventional rehabilitation for peripheral vestibular dysfunction rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    P. H. S. de Andrade; M. E. S. A. Henrique; A. E. G. Roza; G. J. Luvizutto; L. A. P. S. de Souza · Physical Therapy Reviews2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/10833196.2025.2514386
  14. 14
    Virtual reality for multiple sclerosis rehabilitation
    E. De Keersmaecker; S. Guida; S. Denissen; L. Dewolf; G. Nagels; B. Jansen; D. Beckwée; E. Swinnen · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2025
    Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD013834.pub2
  15. 15
    Impact of Virtual Reality Alone and in Combination with Conventional Therapy on Balance in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    G. De Natale; E. Qorri; J. Todri; O. Lena · Medicina (Kaunas)2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/medicina61030524
  16. 16
    Efficacy of virtual reality balance training on rehabilitation outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    C. Du; N. M. Gu; T. C. Guo; A. F. Liu · PLoS One2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316400
  17. 17
    Use of Virtual Reality in Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of Adults After Stroke and Its Effect on Functionality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Y. Enríquez-Canto; R. Pizarro-Mena; K. Ludueña-Hernández; K. Alexandre-Vergara; G. Riveros-Basoalto; A. Dresdner-Figueroa · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf103
  18. 18
    Combined Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality With Mirror Therapy for Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    C. Gao; Y. Chen; Y. Wei; Y. Qiu; H. Song; C. Gui; Q. Gao · J Med Internet Res2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2196/73142
  19. 19
    Effects of Virtual Reality on Adults Diagnosed with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
    R. García-de-la-Banda-García; D. Cruz-Díaz; J. F. García-Vázquez; M. d. M. Martínez-Lentisco; F. León-Morillas · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/healthcare13111328
  20. 20
    The Effects of Augmented Reality on Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis
    C. Jia; X. Liu; L. Ning; L. Ge · Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1111/jocn.17730
  21. 21
    Immersive Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy in Upper Limb Recovery
    C. D. Kenea; T. G. Abessa; D. Lamba; B. Bonnechère · J Clin Med2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/jcm14061783
  22. 22
    Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation
    K. E. Laver; B. Lange; S. George; J. E. Deutsch; G. Saposnik; M. Chapman; M. Crotty · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2025
    Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD008349.pub5
  23. 23
    Effects of Virtual Reality Intervention on Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living of Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    F. Li; W. Pan; J. Huang; L. Zhu; X. Li · Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.06.001
  24. 24
    Effectiveness of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Y. Li; J. Peng; J. Cao; Y. Ou; J. Wu; W. Ma; F. Qian; X. Li · PLoS One2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314766
  25. 25
    Virtual Reality–Assisted Rehabilitation for Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    H.-W. Liu; S.-D. Lee · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000002747
  26. 26
    Enhancing lower-limb rehabilitation: a scoping review of augmented reality environment
    Y. Liu; Q. Zhang; W. Li · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01643-7
  27. 27
    Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Therapy
    J. Lorkowski; M. Raulinajtys-Grzybek; M. Pokorski · Physiol Res2025
    Otherdoi:10.33549/physiolres.935590
  28. 28
    A comparative analysis of the effects of proprioception and virtual reality exercises on postural balance in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    A. S. Majelan; O. Shahani; M. A. S. Ghaleh Zo; M. Arman Far · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12891-025-08823-5
  29. 29
    Effects of Virtual Reality Use on Children with Cerebral Palsy and Its Applications in Health: A Systematic Review
    A. E. Mesa-Burbano; M. A. Fernández-Polo; J. S. Hurtado-Sánchez; S. P. Betancur-Bedoya; D. M. Quiguanas-López; L. T. Ordoñez-Mora · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/healthcare13202571
  30. 30
    Rehabilitation applied with virtual reality improves functional capacity in post-stroke patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis
    A. Navas-Otero; A. Canal-Pérez; J. Martín-Núñez; A. Ortiz-Rubio; J. Raya-Benítez; M. C. Valenza; I. Cabrera-Martos · Rehabilitación2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.rh.2025.100907
  31. 31
    Effect of virtual reality-based upper limb training on activity of daily living and quality of life among stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    D. D. Olana; T. G. Abessa; D. Lamba; L. T. Triccas; B. Bonnechere · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01603-1
  32. 32
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality and Video Games in Individuals With Respiratory Conditions: A Systematic Review
    N. Pathare; B. Ness · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1097/TGR.0000000000000479
  33. 33
    Virtual reality-based interventions improve balance skills in children with developmental coordination disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
    M. Piñar-Lara; E. Obrero-Gaitán; R. Lomas-Vega; M. d. C. López-Ruiz; H. García-López; I. Cortés-Pérez · Disability & Rehabilitation2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09638288.2025.2458186
  34. 34
    Virtual reality as a complementary therapy in the rehabilitation of balance and gait disorders in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review
    J. Rodríguez-Mansilla; P. Chamizo-Gallego; B. González-Sánchez; E. M. Garrido-Ardila; S. Torres-Piles; M. J. Rodríguez-Mansilla; Á. De Toro-García; M. Jiménez-Palomares · Clinical Rehabilitation2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1177/02692155251328619
  35. 35
    Synergizing transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) with rehabilitation interventions: uncovering the most effective combinations for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation- a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Y. Shaha; A. R. Sharma; K. Chauhan; G. R. K. Sarma · Physical Therapy Reviews2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/10833196.2025.2536949
  36. 36
    Efficacy of virtual reality-based rehabilitation following total knee replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
    A. A. M. Shaheen; M. F. Algabbani; M. M. Alshahrani; F. A. Z. Alshahrani; H. I. Alsobayel; M. T. A. Omar; A. M. Alsubiheen · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s43161-024-00246-y
  37. 37
    Home-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Training After Discharge From Inpatient or Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Parallel Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
    L. Sheehy; A. Taillon-Hobson; H. Sveistrup; M. Bilodeau; C. Yang; V. Welch; H. Finestone · JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol2025
    RCTdoi:10.2196/64729
  38. 38
    The Efficacy of Virtual Reality on the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Diseases: Umbrella Review
    P. Tang; Y. Cao; D. Vithran; W. Xiao; T. Wen; S. Liu; Y. Li · J Med Internet Res2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.2196/64576
  39. 39
    The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality‐Based Rehabilitation Versus Conventional Methods in Enhancing Functional Outcomes for Post‐Operative Lower Limb Patients: A Systematic Review
    A. Thakur; P. Rishi; P. Sivach · Musculoskeletal Care2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/msc.70061
  40. 40
    Physical Exercise Interventions Using Virtual Reality in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review
    J. Velasco Aguado; M. C. Espada; J. Muñoz-Jiménez; C. C. Ferreira; L. Gámez-Calvo · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/healthcare13020189
  41. 41
    Virtual Reality Therapy for Upper Limb Motor Impairments in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    R. Villarroel; B. R. García‐Ramos; J. L. González‐Mora; C. Modroño · Physiotherapy Research International2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/pri.70040
  42. 42
    Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Mental Health and Cardiopulmonary Function of Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    S. Wang; J. Jiang; C. Zhang; M. Lv; H. Xu; H. Meng; L. Guo · Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.11.005
  43. 43
    Virtual reality technology for upper and lower limb motor function, daily function, and balance in stroke patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    W. Zhang; S. Lyu; S. Zhang · PeerJ2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.7717/peerj.20402
  44. 44
    Effectiveness of incorporating virtual reality-based training into exercise therapy for chronic spinal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Y. Zheng; L. Kong; J. Xue; X. Wei; T. Zhu; X. Mao; Q. Zhang · Journal of Back & Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1177/10538127251321140
  45. 45
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Pain Management in Musculoskeletal Disorders Across Anatomical Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    M. Zitti; M. Regazzetti; S. Federico; B. Cieslik; L. Cacciante; F. Maselli; L. Storari; A. Ricci; G. Pregnolato; P. Kiper · Musculoskeletal Care2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/msc.70041
  46. 46
    Virtual reality motor sensing exercise in patients with Parkinson's disease: a scoping review
    L. Zou; X. Chen; S. Lei; Q. Hu · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3389/fresc.2025.1630304
  47. 47
    The Role of Virtual Reality in Postural Rehabilitation for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review
    F. Agostini; M. Conti; G. Morone; G. Iudicelli; A. Fisicaro; A. Savina; M. Mangone; M. Paoloni · Brain Sci2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/brainsci15010023
  48. 48
    Effects of trunk exercises using virtual reality technology on trunk performance and impairment post stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    N. A. Alhwoaimel; A. M. Alenazi; A. S. Alhowimel; B. A. Alqahtani; M. M. Alshehri · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/10749357.2023.2261701
  49. 49
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Upper Extremity Function and Motor Performance of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
    J. Bell; B. Decker; A. Eichmann; C. Palkovich; C. Reji · American Journal of Occupational Therapy2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.5014/ajot.2024.050374
  50. 50
    Effectiveness of virtual reality interventions of the upper limb in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review with meta-analysis
    S. Burin-Chu; H. Baillet; P. Leconte; L. Lejeune; R. Thouvarecq; N. Benguigui · Clinical Rehabilitation2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1177/02692155231187858
  51. 51
    Is Virtual Reality Orientation Therapy Useful to Optimize Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning Following Severe Acquired Brain Injury? An Exploratory Study
    R. De Luca; A. Calderone; A. Gangemi; C. Rifici; M. Bonanno; M. G. Maggio; I. Cappadona; I. Veneziani; A. Ielo; F. Corallo; A. Quartarone; D. Cardile; R. S. Calabrò · Brain Sci2024
    Otherdoi:10.3390/brainsci14050410
  52. 52
    Effectiveness of virtual reality-supported exercise therapy in improving upper extremity function and activities of daily living among patients after stroke: a systematic review of randomized control trials
    P. Dixit; U. Phalswal; N. Kalal; S. P. Srivastava · Osong Public Health & Research Perspectives2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0148
  53. 53
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Interventions in Improving Postoperative Outcomes for Orthopedic Surgery Patients
    M. Ehioghae; A. Montoya; R. Keshav; T. K. Vippa; H. Manuk-Hakobyan; J. Hasoon; A. D. Kaye; I. Urits · Curr Pain Headache Rep2024
    Otherdoi:10.1007/s11916-023-01192-5
  54. 54
    Effectiveness of virtual reality in preventing falls in non-disabled older adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review
    Y. Gao; N. Wang; Y. Liu; N. Liu · Geriatric Nursing2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.04.010
  55. 55
    Early rehabilitation using virtual reality-based therapy can enhance hip function and self-perception of improvement following total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    M. García-Sánchez; E. Obrero-Gaitán; M. Piñar-Lara; M. C. Osuna-Pérez; Á. Díaz-Fernández; I. Cortés-Pérez · Geriatric Nursing2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.020
  56. 56
    The use of virtual reality for activities of daily living rehabilitation after brain injury: A scoping review
    J. Grewal; J. J. Eng; B. M. Sakakibara; J. Schmidt · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1111/1440-1630.12957
  57. 57
    Effects of virtual reality on stroke rehabilitation: An umbrella review of systematic reviews
    J. Hao; G. Crum; K. C. Siu · Health Sci Rep2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/hsr2.70082
  58. 58
    The application of virtual reality to home-based rehabilitation for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    J. Hao; B. Huang; A. Remis; Z. He · Physiotherapy Theory & Practice2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2184220
  59. 59
    Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Mirror Therapy on Upper Extremity Motor Function, Manual Performance and Gross Manual Dexterity Among Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis
    F. Hussain; M. Khursheed; S. Afzal; M. U. Khan; A. Hasan; S. M. Hasnain · Int J Exerc Sci2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.70252/fhoc5952
  60. 60
    Can virtual reality have effects on cardiac rehabilitation? An overview of systematic reviews
    Y. Y. Jia; J. P. Song; L. Yang · Curr Probl Cardiol2024
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102231
  61. 61
    Virtual Reality Technology for Physical and Cognitive Function Rehabilitation in People With Multiple Sclerosis
    M. Kamari; V. Siqueira; J. Bakare; E. Sebastião · Rehabil Res Pract2024
    Otherdoi:10.1155/2024/2020263
  62. 62
    Virtual reality in stroke recovery: a meta-review of systematic reviews
    A. Khan; Y. Z. Imam; M. Muneer; S. Al Jerdi; S. K. Gill · Bioelectron Med2024
    Otherdoi:10.1186/s42234-024-00150-9
  63. 63
    The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Exercise Interventions With Virtual Reality on Balance and Walking Among Persons With Chronic Stroke: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials
    M. Krohn; A. Rintala; J. Immonen; T. Sjögren · J Med Internet Res2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2196/59136
  64. 64
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Occupational Therapy for Post-Stroke Adults: A Systematic Review
    S. F. Landim; R. López; A. Caris; C. Castro; R. D. Castillo; D. Avello; B. H. Magnani Branco; P. Valdés-Badilla; F. Carmine; C. Sandoval; E. Vásquez · J Clin Med2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/jcm13164615
  65. 65
    The effect of virtual reality technology in exercise and lung function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Y. Liu; Q. Du; Y. Jiang · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1111/wvn.12698
  66. 66
    Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality-Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    H. H. M. Lo; M. Zhu; Z. Zou; C. L. Wong; S. H. S. Lo; V. C. Chung; S. Y. Wong; R. W. S. Sit · J Med Internet Res2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2196/48787
  67. 67
    Effects of Virtual Reality on Analgesia in Wound Care and Physical Therapy for Burn Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    J. Lou; J. Li; Y. Fan; C. Zhang; N. Huang · Pain Management Nursing2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.03.002
  68. 68
    Balancing the prescription of virtual reality balance training for Parkinson disease: a critically appraised topic
    A. V. Manning; K. A. Bain; L. A. Carroll · Physical Therapy Reviews2024
    Otherdoi:10.1080/10833196.2024.2413758
  69. 69
    Enhancing Physical Activity with Immersive Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review
    A. Mocco; L. Valmaggia; L. Bernardi; M. Alfieri; I. Tarricone · CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1089/cyber.2023.0394
  70. 70
    The Dual Importance of Virtual Reality Usability in Rehabilitation: A Focus on Therapists and Patients
    W. M. Naqvi; I. Naqvi; G. V. Mishra; V. Vardhan · Cureus2024
    Otherdoi:10.7759/cureus.56724
  71. 71
    Effectiveness of virtual reality-based therapy in pulmonary rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review with meta-analysis
    E. Obrero-Gaitán; C. Y. Chau-Cubero; R. Lomas-Vega; M. C. Osuna-Pérez; H. García-López; I. Cortés-Pérez · Heart & Lung2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.01.011
  72. 72
    Effects of virtual reality on pain, disability and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis
    M. Opara; Ž. Kozinc; D. M. Ivezić · Physiotherapy Practice & Research2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3233/PPR-230835
  73. 73
    Virtual reality exergames for improving physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Y. Peng; Y. Wang; L. Zhang; Y. Zhang; L. Sha; J. Dong; Y. He · Geriatric Nursing2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.032
  74. 74
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    Systematic reviewPMID 160763735
  158. 158
    The efficacy of virtual reality tools for total knee replacement rehabilitation: A systematic review
    J. M. Blasco; C. Igual-Camacho; M. C. Blasco; V. Antón-Antón; Á. Ortiz-Llueca; S. Roig-Casasús · Physiotherapy Theory & Practice2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1641865
  159. 159
    Virtual reality for limb motor function, balance, gait, cognition and daily function of stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Z. Bohan; L. Dan; L. Yue; W. Jiani; X. Qian · Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1111/jan.14800
  160. 160
    Exergaming and Virtual Reality for Health: Implications for Cardiac Rehabilitation
    S. Bond; D. R. Laddu; C. Ozemek; C. J. Lavie; R. Arena · Curr Probl Cardiol2021
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.100472
  161. 161
    Evaluating the effect of immersive virtual reality technology on gait rehabilitation in stroke patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    H. Cai; T. Lin; L. Chen; H. Weng; R. Zhu; Y. Chen; G. Cai · Trials2021
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s13063-021-05031-z
  162. 162
    Effects of virtual reality in post-stroke aphasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Y. Cao; X. Huang; B. Zhang; G. S. Kranz; D. Zhang; X. Li; J. Chang · Neurol Sci2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1007/s10072-021-05202-5
  163. 163
    The effect of virtual reality training on the daily participation of patients: A meta-analysis
    B. Chen; R. Q. Liang; R. Y. Chen; F. Y. Xu · Complement Ther Med2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102676
  164. 164
    Effectiveness of virtual reality technology on functional mobility of older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
    A. I. Corregidor-Sánchez; A. Segura-Fragoso; M. Rodríguez-Hernández; C. Jiménez-Rojas; B. Polonio-López; J. J. Criado-Álvarez · Age & Ageing2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1093/ageing/afaa197
  165. 165
    Effectiveness of virtual reality in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trial
    J. V. Fandim; B. T. Saragiotto; G. J. M. Porfírio; R. F. Santana · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.11.003
  166. 166
    Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Intervention on Cognition, Motor Function, Mood, and Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Y. Gao; L. Ma; C. Lin; S. Zhu; L. Yao; H. Fan; J. Gong; X. Yan; T. Wang · Front Aging Neurosci2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.766525
  167. 167
    Virtual reality and video games in cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review
    S. García-Bravo; A. Cuesta-Gómez; R. Campuzano-Ruiz; M. J. López-Navas; J. Domínguez-Paniagua; A. Araújo-Narváez; E. Barreñada-Copete; C. García-Bravo; M. T. Flórez-García; J. Botas-Rodríguez; R. Cano-de-la-Cuerda · Disability & Rehabilitation2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1631892
  168. 168
    Rehabilitation training based on virtual reality for patients with Parkinson's disease in improving balance, quality of life, activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
    R. Li; Y. Zhang; Y. Jiang; M. Wang; W. H. D. Ang; Y. Lau · Clinical Rehabilitation2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1177/0269215521995179
  169. 169
    Effect of Virtual Reality on Functional Ankle Instability Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
    H. Lin; K. Han; B. Ruan · J Healthc Eng2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1155/2021/7363403
  170. 170
    Virtual Reality for Vestibular Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
    X. Michael; Z. Kelvin; P. Nivedh; C. Teffran; M. Levin; M. K. Gupta; J. Archibald; M. Xie; K. Zhou; N. Patro; T. Chan · Otology & Neurotology2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000003155
  171. 171
    Combined virtual reality and physical training improved the bimanual coordination of women with multiple sclerosis
    E. Norouzi; M. Gerber; U. Pühse; M. Vaezmosavi; S. Brand · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation2021
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09602011.2020.1715231
  172. 172
    Head-Mounted Display-Based Therapies for Adults Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    G. Palacios-Navarro; N. Hogan · Sensors (Basel)2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/s21041111
  173. 173
    Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of Motor Function of Patients With Subacute Stroke: A Meta-Analysis
    Q. C. Peng; L. Yin; Y. Cao · Front Neurol2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fneur.2021.639535
  174. 174
    Effect of virtual reality therapy, combined with physiotherapy for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome: A systematic review
    J. Stander; J. C. du Preez; C. Kritzinger; N. M. Obermeyer; S. Struwig; N. van Wyk; J. Zaayman; M. Burger · South African Journal of Physiotherapy2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1516
  175. 175
    Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses
    A. Voinescu; J. Sui; D. Stanton Fraser · J Clin Med2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/jcm10071478
  176. 176
    Home-based (virtual) rehabilitation improves motor and cognitive function for stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial of the Elements (EDNA-22) system
    P. H. Wilson; J. M. Rogers; K. Vogel; B. Steenbergen; T. B. McGuckian; J. Duckworth · J Neuroeng Rehabil2021
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-021-00956-7
  177. 177
    Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Limb Function and Balance in Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis
    J. Wu; A. Zeng; Z. Chen; Y. Wei; K. Huang; J. Chen; Z. Ren · Journal of Medical Internet Research2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2196/31051
  178. 178
    Effects of Virtual Reality Intervention on Cognition and Motor Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    S. Zhu; Y. Sui; Y. Shen; Y. Zhu; N. Ali; C. Guo; T. Wang · Front Aging Neurosci2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.586999
  179. 179
    Neuroscience of Virtual Reality: From Virtual Exposure to Embodied Medicine
    Riva G, Wiederhold BK, Mantovani F · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking2019
    Maps the expanding VR digital-health industry landscape and the clinician-developer roles emerging as XR moves from research labs into FDA-cleared medical devices.
    Otherdoi:10.1089/cyber.2017.29099.gri
  180. 180
    Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Medical Devices
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA.gov Medical Device Resources2023
    Documents the rapidly growing pipeline of FDA-cleared AR/VR medical devices, signaling industry demand for clinicians who can serve as clinical specialists, advisors, and product leads at XR medtech firms.
    Othergovernment
  181. 181
    Simulated thoughts in virtual reality for negotiation training enhance self-efficacy and knowledge
    Ding D, Brinkman WP, Neerincx MA · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies2020
    Illustrates the cross-disciplinary HCI/clinical skillset that XR vendors recruit for, establishing the credential as a bridge into UX-research and clinical-affairs roles at digital-health companies.
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102438
  182. 182
    Extended Reality (XR) in Healthcare: HIMSS XR Task Force Report
    HIMSS (Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society) · HIMSS Resource Library2022
    Identifies clinician-with-XR-experience as one of the fastest-growing hiring categories among digital-health employers, supporting the credential's value for industry transition.
    Otherprofessional society
  183. 183
    Digital Health Funding and M&A Report: XR and Immersive Therapeutics
    Rock Health · Rock Health Annual Report2023
    Quantifies venture funding flowing into VR/AR therapeutics startups (e.g., AppliedVR, Penumbra REAL, XRHealth) and the corresponding clinician-advisor and clinical-lead hiring at these firms.
    Otherindustry
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