Credential · Certification

Hippotherapy

PTOT73 citations · 3 lenses

AHA-PATH certification. High patient satisfaction but small effect sizes in RCTs. Beneficial for CP, MS, and ASD in feasibility studies.

Scores · default weights
Clinical
31/100
Business
51/100
Academic Clinical
28/100

Each lens uses its own dimensions and default weights. Scores answer different questions across paths — they aren’t apples-to-apples. How scoring works →

Clinical breakdown
Clinical outcomes×35%
40/100

Systematic reviews show small positive effects on balance and motor function; effect sizes modest vs dose-matched alternatives.

Caseload applicability×15%
10/100

Extremely limited by requirement for horse facility and trained animal; applicable only in equine therapy settings.

Billing & reimbursement×15%
40/100

Very limited coverage; PATH certification required by the few payers that cover; mostly self-pay or disability grants.

Certification investment×20%
22/100

PATH International certification; equine-assisted therapy requires horse facility access; significant logistics.

Employer demand×10%
18/100

Very limited employer demand; primarily nonprofit equine therapy centers and adaptive sports programs.

Patient experience×5%
68/100

Exceptional; children and adults with disabilities report transformative experience. Motivation to attend is unmatched.

Business breakdown
Cash-pay viability×25%
60/100

Families of pediatric clients with disabilities frequently pay cash or use grants when insurance won't cover equine-assisted therapy.

Pricing leverage×20%
55/100

Scarcity and experiential value support premium per-session pricing, though overhead eats much of the margin.

Market differentiation×15%
80/100

Highly distinctive — very few clinicians offer it in any given region, creating a near-monopoly niche.

Owner leverage×15%
25/100

Hard to scale: requires horses, land, certified clinicians, and PATH-credentialed staff — labor and capital intensive.

Consumer demand×15%
45/100

Parents in special-needs communities actively seek it out, but absolute demand volume is small.

Credential investment×10%
20/100

Expensive and slow to implement — facility, livestock, and credentialing costs are substantial relative to revenue.

Academic Clinical breakdown
Faculty recognition×25%
25/100

Niche modality with minimal weight in faculty promotion or hiring outside a few specialized programs.

Scholarship signal×20%
30/100

Some peer-reviewed work exists but the field is small and methodologically limited.

Teaching value×15%
30/100

Tangential to core PT/OT curricula; appears at most as a brief elective topic.

Evidence depth×20%
35/100

Evidence is growing but consists largely of small studies; RCTs are limited and heterogeneous.

Faculty demand×10%
15/100

Virtually never listed as a desired credential in faculty job postings.

Credential investment×10%
25/100

Substantial time and money to credential with little return in academic currency.

Evidence base · 73 sources
  1. 01
    Effectiveness of school-based physiotherapy intervention for children
    K. E. Alexander; G. L. Clutterbuck; L. M. Johnston · Disability & Rehabilitation2025
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2388260
  2. 02
    Equine-Assisted Interventions and Physical Health in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis
    L. Badin; K. Pothier; O. Agli; E. Van Dendaele; G. Guillou; G. Ventalon; N. Bailly · Sage Open Aging2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1177/23337214241298342
  3. 03
    Hippotherapy Improves Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Evidence from a Systematic Review
    I. Bernardino; D. F. Borges; J. Casalta-Lopes; J. I. Soares · NeuroRehabilitation2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1177/10538135251387278
  4. 04
    Immediate effects of a 30-min hippotherapy session on center of pressure displacement in children with autism spectrum disorder: A quasi-experimental study
    V. de Fátima Coccia; A. L. F. Rodacki; S. L. Pavão · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.05.060
  5. 05
    The effect of hippotherapy on people with multiple sclerosis, a systematic review
    I. Giannou; M. Katsina; Z. Dimitriadis; G. Paras; T. Besios · Mult Scler Relat Disord2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106374
  6. 06
    The Effect of Hippotherapy Simulator-Assisted Therapy on Motor and Functional Outcomes in Children with Cerebral Palsy
    C. Günay Yazıcı; F. Özden; O. Çoban; D. Tarakçı; O. Aydoğdu; Z. Sarı · Medicina (Kaunas)2025
    Otherdoi:10.3390/medicina61101811
  7. 07
    Electromyographic analysis of trunk and lower limb activation in children with cerebral palsy during gait and hippotherapy sessions
    J. B. Lage; G. A. N. Nascentes; L. F. Silva; M. C. Borges; I. C. R. Ferreira; L. A. Lombardi; F. S. Silva; A. P. Espindula · J Bodyw Mov Ther2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.04.031
  8. 08
    Effectiveness of Equine-Assisted Intervention as a Therapeutic Strategy for Improving Adaptive Behaviour in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    C. M. Martínez Moreno; J. M. Hernández Garre; P. Echevarría Pérez; I. Morales Moreno; E. Vegue Parra; E. Valero Merlos · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025
    Otherdoi:10.3390/healthcare13162014
  9. 09
    A Randomized Feasibility Study of Rehabilitation Targeting Upper Extremity Function and Participation Using Hippotherapy and the Equine Environment for Children with Cerebral Palsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder
    J. Mazzarella; J. C. Heathcock · Journal of Integrative & Complementary Medicine2025
    RCTdoi:10.1089/jicm.2024.0292
  10. 10
    Heart rate and salivary cortisol as indicators of arousal and synchrony in clients, therapy horses and therapist in equine-assisted therapy
    A. Naber; L. Kreuzer; R. Zink; E. Millesi; R. Palme; K. Hediger; L. M. Glenk · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2025.101937
  11. 11
    Effects of Hippotherapy and Horse-Riding Simulators on Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
    A. Ortega-Cruz; V. Sánchez-Silverio; V. Riquelme-Aguado; J. L. Alonso-Perez; V. Abuín-Porras; J. H. Villafañe · J Clin Med2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/jcm14010283
  12. 12
    Effects of an Interprofessional Equine Interactive Vaulting Program on Executive Function and Group Participation in Children with Disabilities
    H. Panczykowski · Integrative & Complementary Therapies2025
    Otherdoi:10.1177/27683192251386180
  13. 13
    Impacts of hippotherapy simulation on balance, postural control, and spasticity of thigh adductor muscles in children with spastic bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A single-blind clinical trial study
    K. Ramezani; M. kalantari; M. Pashmdarfard; A. A. Baghba; S. Rahmanian; G. Khavari · Iranian Journal of Child Neurology2025
    Otherdoi:10.22037/ijcn.v19i1.46567
  14. 14
    Effects of Equine-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    A. N. Stergiou; A. Ploumis; S. Kamtsios; G. Markozannes; P. Christodoulou; D. N. Varvarousis · J Clin Med2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/jcm14113731
  15. 15
    Exploring In-Session Engagement in Equine-Assisted Services for Children and Youth Experiencing Disability: A Scoping Review
    L. M. Aewerdieck; R. A. Martin; F. P. Graham; J. Hay-Smith · J Integr Complement Med2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1089/jicm.2024.0151
  16. 16
    Bibliometric Analysis on Equine-Assisted Interventions
    M. Amado-Fuentes; A. Denche-Zamorano; S. Barrios-Fernandez; M. Gozalo · Animals (Basel)2024
    Otherdoi:10.3390/ani14121776
  17. 17
    Equine-assisted service's effect on cartilage and skeletal biomarkers for adults and older adults with arthritis: A pilot study
    M. Chrisman; S. White-Lewis; S. Lasiter; S. R. Chesnut; C. L. Russell · Complement Ther Med2024
    Pilot/feasibilitydoi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103047
  18. 18
    The Horse Weaves Magic': Parents and Service Providers on the Benefits of Horse-Based Therapies for Autistic Children—an Australian Qualitative Study
    M. Cleary; S. West; R. Kornhaber; C. Johnston-Devin; D. K. Thapa; L. McLean; C. Hungerford · Issues in Mental Health Nursing2024
    Qualitativedoi:10.1080/01612840.2024.2367156
  19. 19
    The effects of mechanical hippotherapy riding on postural control, balance, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with stroke
    O. Çoban; F. Mutluay · Disability & Rehabilitation2024
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2221458
  20. 20
    Comparison of the effects of mechanical hippotherapy and Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises in patients with multiple sclerosis: Randomized trial
    A. Kabuk; Ö. Şevgin · Mult Scler Relat Disord2024
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105697
  21. 21
    HORSE POWER: HOW A THERAPEUTIC EQUINE HELPED A TODDLER WITH SPINA BIFIDA
    C. Lent · Exceptional Parent2024
    OtherPMID 177312833
  22. 22
    Interaction during equine-facilitated rehabilitation from the rehabilitees' perspective - A phenomenological study
    M. Mattila; S. Honkanen; T. Sjögren; A. Piirainen; E. Aartolahti · Taylor & Francis Ltd2024
    Narrative reviewdoi:999-1010
  23. 23
    Development and pilot of equine facilitated physical therapy outcome measure tool for chronic low back pain patients
    S. Mattila-Rautiainen; M. Venojärvi; A. Sobolev; H. Tikkanen; A. Keski-Valkama · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies2024
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.005
  24. 24
    Efficacy of hippotherapy simulator exercise program in patients with stroke: a randomized single-blind clinical trial
    S. ÖZtÜRk; O. AydoĞDu; Z. Sari · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation2024
    RCTdoi:10.1080/10749357.2024.2310425
  25. 25
    Effects of hippotherapy on motor function of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review study
    P. Plotas; A. Papadopoulos; E. M. Apostolelli; E. Vlachou; F. Gazou; I. Zogopoulou; I. Katsaidoni; I. Panagiotopoulou; S. P. Paparouna; N. Silavou; K. Fragkiadaki; E. Tsiamaki; S. Fouzas; X. Sinopidis; N. Trimmis · Ital J Pediatr2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1186/s13052-024-01715-9
  26. 26
    Multispecies Occupations Involving Equines: An Action-Oriented Inquiry to Inform Occupational Therapy Practitioners
    H. K. Pugh; K. S. Heatwole Shank · OTJR: Occupational Therapy Journal of Research2024
    Otherdoi:10.1177/15394492231203724
  27. 27
    Multiple Equine Therapies for the Treatment of Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
    Z. Qin; Z. Guo; J. Wang · Journal of Community Health Nursing2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/07370016.2024.2304825
  28. 28
    Clinical effects of equine-assisted therapeutic exercises in static and dynamic balance of children with cerebral palsy
    A. N. Stergiou; D. N. Varvarousis; S. Mattila-Rautiainen; M. Tzoufi; S. Doulgeri; A. Ploumis · Rehabilitación2024
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.rh.2024.100841
  29. 29
    Hippotherapy in the management of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
    H. Viruega; C. Loriette; M. Quignon; M. Gaviria · BMJ Case Reports2024
    Otherdoi:10.1136/bcr-2024-261605
  30. 30
    Improving trunk posture control in children with CP through a cable-driven robotic hippotherapy: A randomized controlled feasibility study
    M. Wu; J. Kim; D. Gaebler-Spira · Gait Posture2024
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.06.020
  31. 31
    Analysis of strength and electromyographic activity of lower limbs of individuals with down syndrome assisted in physiotherapy and hippotherapy
    D. E. Bevilacqua Junior; E. C. d. Mello; J. B. Lage; M. F. Ribeiro; A. A. Ferreira; V. d. P. A. Teixeira; A. P. Espindula · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies2023
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.05.009
  32. 32
    Clinical application and feasibility of utilizing the PEDI-CAT to assess activity and participation among children receiving physical therapy incorporating hippotherapy
    S. Conroy; T. Evans; D. Butler-Moburg; R. Beuttler; J. Robinson; M. Huebert; E. O Mahony; M. Grant-Beuttler · Taylor & Francis Ltd2023
    Pilot/feasibilitydoi:2300-2313
  33. 33
    Hippotherapy concepts: A scoping review to inform transdisciplinary practice guidelines
    N. du Plessis; K. Uys; T. Buys · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy2023
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/11038128.2023.2231562
  34. 34
    Effect of hippotherapy on balance, functional mobility, and functional independence in children with Down syndrome: randomized controlled trial
    Y. Kaya; S. Saka; D. Tuncer · Eur J Pediatr2023
    RCTdoi:10.1007/s00431-023-04959-5
  35. 35
    Evaluating the efficacy of hippotherapy: a promising intervention in rheumatology, pain medicine, and geriatrics
    B. F. Kocyigit; E. Adilbekov; S. Zharmenov; A. Akyol; M. Yessirkepov · Rheumatol Int2023
    Otherdoi:10.1007/s00296-023-05451-x
  36. 36
    Equine-Assisted Therapy in Post-Traumatic-Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    N. Palomar-Ciria; H. J. Bello · J Equine Vet Sci2023
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104871
  37. 37
    Effects of Hippotherapy on Postural Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
    F. Peia; N. C. Veiga; A. P. Gomes; B. N. D. Santos; N. M. S. Marques; I. Glória; J. B. Goulardins · Pediatr Phys Ther2023
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1097/pep.0000000000000999
  38. 38
    Evaluation of stress markers in horses during hippotherapy sessions in comparison to being ridden by beginners
    J. F. Potier; V. Louzier · Anim Welf2023
    Otherdoi:10.1017/awf.2023.6
  39. 39
    The effectiveness of hippotherapy simulation exercises for muscle strength, disease activity and quality of life in sedentary adults with ankylosing spondylitis
    E. Salbaş; A. Y. Karahan · Ann Med2023
    Otherdoi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2249822
  40. 40
    The efficacy of Equine Assisted Therapy intervention in gross motor function, performance, and spasticity in children with Cerebral Palsy
    A. N. Stergiou; S. Mattila-Rautiainen; D. N. Varvarousis; M. Tzoufi; P. Plyta; A. Beris; A. Ploumis · Front Vet Sci2023
    Otherdoi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1203481
  41. 41
    Breast Cancer: How Hippotherapy Bridges the Gap between Healing and Recovery—A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    H. Viruega; C. Galy; C. Loriette; S. Jacquot; J. L. Houpeau; M. Gaviria · Cancers2023
    RCTdoi:10.3390/cancers15041317
  42. 42
    Pulmonary Function and Aerobic Capacity Responses to Equine Assisted Therapy in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    M. A. Abdel Ghafar; O. R. Abdelraouf; A. A. Abdel-Aziem; T. E. Elnegamy; M. E. Mohamed; A. M. Yehia; G. S. Mousa · J Rehabil Med2022
    RCTdoi:10.2340/jrm.v54.1085
  43. 43
    A 10-Week Program of Combined Hippotherapy and Scroth's Exercises Improves Balance and Postural Asymmetries in Adolescence Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Randomized Controlled Study
    A. A. Abdel-aziem; O. R. Abdelraouf; S. A. Ghally; H. A. Dahlawi; R. E. Radwan · Children2022
    RCTdoi:10.3390/children9010023
  44. 44
    Effects of equine-assisted interventions on older adults' health: A systematic review
    L. Badin; É. Alibran; K. Pothier; N. Bailly · Int J Nurs Sci2022
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.09.008
  45. 45
    Perception of hippotherapy professionals about their practice with the elderly
    J. Barbosa Matarazo; E. Rezende Freitas · Fisioterapia em Movimento2022
    Otherdoi:10.1590/fm.2022.35147
  46. 46
    Analysis of Trunk Neuromuscular Activation During Equine-Assisted Therapy in Older Adults
    E. C. de Mello; L. H. Diniz; J. B. Lage; M. F. Ribeiro; D. E. Bevilacqua Junior; R. C. Rosa; F. A. G. Cardoso; A. A. Ferreira; M. L. F. Ferraz; V. d. P. A. Teixeira; A. P. Espindula · Perceptual & Motor Skills2022
    Otherdoi:10.1177/00315125221112249
  47. 47
    Equine-Assisted Therapies for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis
    N. Heussen; M. Häusler · Pediatrics2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1542/peds.2021-055229
  48. 48
    The Short-term Effects of Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis
    C. Hyun; K. Kim; S. Lee; N. Ko; I. S. Lee; S. E. Koh · Pediatr Phys Ther2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/pep.0000000000000880
  49. 49
    Hippotherapy in neurodevelopmental disorders: a narrative review focusing on cognitive and behavioral outcomes
    G. Maresca; S. Portaro; A. Naro; R. Crisafulli; A. Raffa; I. Scarcella; B. Aliberti; G. Gemelli; R. S. Calabrò · Appl Neuropsychol Child2022
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/21622965.2020.1852084
  50. 50
    Effectiveness of Mechanical Horse-Riding Simulator-Based Interventions in Patients with Cerebral Palsy-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    E. Obrero-Gaitán; D. Montoro-Cárdenas; I. Cortés-Pérez; M. C. Osuna-Pérez · Bioengineering (Basel)2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/bioengineering9120790
  51. 51
    Does Hippotherapy Improve the Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy? Systematic Review Based on the International Classification of Functioning
    E. Pantera; P. Froment; D. Vernay · Journal of Integrative & Complementary Medicine2022
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1089/jicm.2021.0417
  52. 52
    Preliminary Efficacy of Occupational Therapy in an Equine Environment for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    B. C. Peters; W. Wood; S. Hepburn; E. J. Moody · Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders2022
    Otherdoi:10.1007/s10803-021-05278-0
  53. 53
    Impact of hippotherapy on the life habits of children with disabilities: a systematic review
    A. Potvin-Bélanger; C. Vincent; A. Freeman; V. H. Flamand · Disability & Rehabilitation2022
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09638288.2021.2012847
  54. 54
    Effects of equine-assisted therapy on the functionality of individuals with disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis
    A. Prieto; K. Martins Almeida Ayupe; L. Nemetala Gomes; A. C. Saúde; P. Gutierres Filho · Physiother Theory Pract2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2020.1836694
  55. 55
    The influence of equine-assisted services on the balance of a participant with visual impairment and autism characteristics
    M. M. Ramos; M. Nabeiro · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies2022
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.03.007
  56. 56
    Effects of hippotherapy simulation exercise vs. conventional home exercises on muscle strength and balance in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
    E. Salbaş; A. Y. Karahan · Mult Scler Relat Disord2022
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104111
  57. 57
    Physical therapy with hippotherapy compared to physical therapy alone in children with cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
    G. Santos de Assis; T. Schlichting; B. Rodrigues Mateus; A. Gomes Lemos; A. N. dos Santos · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology2022
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1111/dmcn.15042
  58. 58
    Can hippotherapy make a difference in the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy? A pragmatic study
    D. J. Silkwood-Sherer; N. H. McGibbon · Taylor & Francis Ltd2022
    Otherdoi:390-400
  59. 59
    Effect of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    M. H. Suk; J. Y. Kwon · J Integr Complement Med2022
    RCTdoi:10.1089/jicm.2021.0158
  60. 60
    Effects of equine-assisted activities on attention and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy in a randomized trial: examining the comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    B. Ahn; Y. S. Joung; J. Y. Kwon; D. I. Lee; S. Oh; B. U. Kim; J. Y. Cha; J. H. Kim; J. Y. Lee; H. Y. Shin; Y. S. Seo · BMC Pediatr2021
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12887-021-02597-0
  61. 61
    Effectiveness of hippotherapy and therapeutic horseback riding on balance in hemiparetic patients after stroke
    S. B. Carlos Azevedo Silva; A. C. Corrêa Bicca Hruschka; A. Gomes Moraes; J. Cerqueira Leal; M. Lucena da Silva; L. Petrus da Silva Paz · Fisioterapia em Movimento2021
    Otherdoi:10.1590/fm.2021.34201
  62. 62
    Equine-Assisted Services for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review
    A. Helmer; T. Wechsler; Y. Gilboa · Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1089/acm.2020.0482
  63. 63
    Physical therapy treatments incorporating equine movement: a pilot study exploring interactions between children with cerebral palsy and the horse
    P. Lightsey; Y. Lee; N. Krenek; P. Hur · Journal of NeuroEngineering & Rehabilitation (JNER)2021
    Pilot/feasibilitydoi:10.1186/s12984-021-00929-w
  64. 64
    Role and Effects of Hippotherapy in the Treatment of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of the Literature
    M. J. Menor-Rodríguez; M. Sevilla Martín; J. C. Sánchez-García; M. Montiel-Troya; J. Cortés-Martín; R. Rodríguez-Blanque · J Clin Med2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/jcm10122589
  65. 65
    Effects of hippotherapy on postural balance, functional mobility, self-perceived fatigue, and quality of life in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Secondary results of an exploratory clinical trial
    A. G. Moraes; S. G. R. Neri; R. W. Motl; C. B. Tauil; F. von Glehn; C. Corrêa É; A. C. de David · Mult Scler Relat Disord2021
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102948
  66. 66
    Facilitating new movement strategies: Equine assisted physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy
    B. C. Norrud; M. Råheim; T. T. Sudmann; M. Håkanson · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies2021
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.022
  67. 67
    Equine spinal kinematics derived from different riding positions during asymmetrical bareback riding
    N. Nuchprayoon; P. Ritruechai; K. Watchararat; W. Limroongruengrat; T. Wongtawan; N. Arya · J Equine Sci2021
    Otherdoi:10.1294/jes.32.81
  68. 68
    Effect of Equine-Assisted Activities on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Randomized-Controlled Trial
    I. K. Park; J. Y. Lee; M. H. Suk; S. Yoo; Y. G. Seo; J. K. Oh; J. Y. Kwon · J Altern Complement Med2021
    RCTdoi:10.1089/acm.2020.0346
  69. 69
    Hippotherapy and life habits with children with motor deficit and neurodevelopmental impairment: A pilot survey of parents
    A. Potvin-Bélanger; A. Freeman; C. Vincent · Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine2021
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.3233/PRM-190641
  70. 70
    Effectiveness of equine-assisted therapies for improving health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    D. Suárez-Iglesias; I. Bidaurrazaga-Letona; M. A. Sanchez-Lastra; S. M. Gil; C. Ayán · Mult Scler Relat Disord2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103161
  71. 71
    Optimal Terminology for Services in the United States That Incorporate Horses to Benefit People: A Consensus Document
    W. Wood; K. Alm; J. Benjamin; L. Thomas; D. Anderson; L. Pohl; M. Kane · Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine2021
    Otherdoi:10.1089/acm.2020.0415
  72. 72
    Hippotherapy: a systematic mapping review of peer-reviewed research, 1980 to 2018
    W. H. Wood; B. E. Fields · Disability & Rehabilitation2021
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1653997
  73. 73
    Effectiveness of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Improving Adaptive Behavior and Motor Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder
    L. Zoccante; M. Marconi; M. L. Ciceri; S. Gagliardoni; L. A. Gozzi; S. Sabaini; G. Di Gennaro; M. Colizzi · J Clin Med2021
    Otherdoi:10.3390/jcm10081726
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