Credential · Technology

Exoskeleton Training

PT248 citations · 4 lenses

FDA-approved (Ekso, ReWalk, Indego). Enables stepping in complete SCI. No superiority over intensive conventional gait training in ambulatory populations.

Scores · default weights
Clinical
38/100
Business
52/100
Academic Clinical
48/100
HealthTech & Industry
52/100

Each lens uses its own dimensions and default weights. Scores answer different questions across paths — they aren’t apples-to-apples. How scoring works →

Clinical breakdown
Clinical outcomes×35%
55/100

Enables upright mobility and stepping in complete SCI; for ambulatory patients with partial injury, not superior to conventional.

Caseload applicability×15%
12/100

Extremely limited by equipment access and patient eligibility; applicable mainly in research or SCI/stroke centers.

Billing & reimbursement×15%
42/100

Very limited insurance coverage; some workers comp and select commercial beginning to cover; primarily research or cash-pay settings.

Certification investment×20%
28/100

Device-specific manufacturer training; requires institutional access to exoskeleton system.

Employer demand×10%
22/100

Growing interest but very limited current employer demand; primarily research hospitals and specialized centers.

Patient experience×5%
52/100

High psychological value of upright posture for wheelchair users; fatigue and safety concerns limit enthusiasm.

Business breakdown
Cash-pay viability×25%
45/100

SCI/stroke families pay cash for gait time; market is small but motivated.

Pricing leverage×20%
60/100

Novelty and capital cost support premium per-session pricing.

Market differentiation×15%
75/100

Very few clinics own exoskeletons — strong differentiation.

Owner leverage×15%
55/100

Equipment-driven; staff can be trained, though caseload is limited.

Consumer demand×15%
40/100

Niche neuro population; broader consumer demand is modest.

Credential investment×10%
30/100

Vendor training is short, but device cost ($75-150K) is prohibitive.

Academic Clinical breakdown
Faculty recognition×25%
40/100

Valued in neuro rehab research labs; not a standalone promotion criterion.

Scholarship signal×20%
60/100

Growing literature in SCI and stroke gait recovery.

Teaching value×15%
60/100

Useful for neuro rehab and rehab technology coursework.

Evidence depth×20%
50/100

Mixed — improvements documented but long-term functional gains debated.

Faculty demand×10%
25/100

Rarely a posting requirement; relevant to research-active programs.

Credential investment×10%
40/100

Training is fast, but academic payoff depends on institutional equipment access.

HealthTech & Industry breakdown
Industry placement×25%
55/100

Ekso, ReWalk, Indego, and Wandercraft hire clinical specialists and trainers.

Vendor / employer demand×20%
50/100

Small vendor pool but each has dedicated clinical-specialist roles.

Salary premium×20%
50/100

Moderate premium for device-specialist roles at robotics vendors.

Technical skill depth×15%
60/100

Builds genuine familiarity with robotic gait device mechanics and patient programming.

Transition fit×10%
55/100

Direct bridge into medical-robotics industry roles.

Credential investment×10%
38/100

High training investment relative to small vendor market.

Evidence base · 248 sources
243 other3 peer-reviewed2 government
  1. 01
    Effects of lower-extremity exoskeleton robot-assisted dual-task training versus walking training on gait and postural control after stroke: A randomized controlled trial
    T. Zhang; J. Zheng; J. Tao; Y. Xu; X. Zhang; C. Chen; D. Liao; X. Li · PM R2025
    RCTdoi:10.1002/pmrj.13419
  2. 02
    Augmented Effect of Combined Robotic Assisted Gait Training and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation-irradiation Technique on Muscle Activation and Ankle Kinematics in Hemiparetic Gait: A Preliminary Study
    B. Yoon; S. Park; S. Oh; J. S. H. You · NeuroRehabilitation2025
    Otherdoi:10.1177/10538135241296733
  3. 03
    Differential Neuronal Network Remodeling Induced by Passive and Assistive Lower-Limb Exoskeleton Robot Training in Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    H. Xie; X. Li; Q. Tan; Y. Xie; Z. Li; M. Zhang; Z. Dou · Arch Phys Med Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.08.021
  4. 04
    80N as the Optimal Assistive Threshold for Wearable Exoskeleton-Mediated Gait Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Biomarker Validation Study
    X. Wei; J. Sun; G. Lu; J. Liu; J. Yan; X. Wei; H. Cai; B. Luo; W. Dong; L. Zhao; C. Qiu; W. Zhang; Y. Pan · Healthcare (Basel)2025
    Cohort studydoi:10.3390/healthcare13070799
  5. 05
    Synergistic integration of epidural spinal cord stimulation with robotic therapy and neurorehabilitation to facilitate functional recovery in chronic sensorimotor complete spinal cord injury: A case series
    S. K. Wee; Z. Y. N. Valerie; M. W. Phua; W. L. Lui; F. Misbaah; R. X. J. Ker; W. H. Ng; K. Rui Wan · Adv Rehabil Sci Pract2025
    Case seriesdoi:10.1177/27536351251343738
  6. 06
    Robot-assisted gait training for individuals with severe acquired brain injury: a scoping review
    V. Wagner; J. Rud Sorensen; C. Kruuse; I. Poulsen; F. Biering-Sorensen; C. G. Riberholt · Brain Inj2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/02699052.2025.2490285
  7. 07
    Robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized comparative study
    S. E. O. Tekes; B. Sonel Tur; S. Kutlay; D. Gokmen; A. Ciftci · Dev Neurorehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1080/17518423.2025.2533218
  8. 08
    Application of computerised interactive devices for stroke patients with hemispatial neglect
    I. Tavaszi; G. Szabo; P. Erdosi; B. Shenker; G. Fazekas · Ideggyogy Sz2025
    Otherdoi:10.18071/isz.77.0107
  9. 09
    Single Joint Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL-SJ) robotic exoskeleton therapy in improving functional outcomes among workers with wrist fractures: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    E. W. Tan; S. C. Chai; Y. Sankai; M. Shingu; N. A. Razaob; H. Hussain · PLoS One2025
    RCTdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322191
  10. 10
    Overground robotic exoskeleton vs conventional therapy in inpatient stroke rehabilitation: results from a pragmatic, multicentre implementation programme
    P. K. Tam; N. Tang; N. S. B. Kamsani; T. Y. Yap; I. Coffey-Aladdin; S. M. Goh; J. P. P. Tan; Y. C. Lui; R. L. Lee; R. Suresh; E. Chew · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    Otherdoi:10.1186/s12984-024-01536-1
  11. 11
    Exploring New Tools in Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Stroke Using an Exoskeletal Aid: A Pilot Randomized Control Study
    P. Syringas; V. Potsika; N. Tachos; A. Pardalis; C. Papaioannou; A. Mitsis; E. E. Pakos; O. N. Zestas; G. Papagiannis; A. Triantafyllou; N. D. Tselikas; K. G. Yiannopoulou; G. Papathanasiou; G. Georgoudis; D. Bakalidou; M. Kyriakidou; P. Gkrilias; I. Kakkos; G. K. Matsopoulos; D. I. Fotiadis · Healthcare (Basel)2025
    RCTdoi:10.3390/healthcare13010091
  12. 12
    Overground Robotic Exoskeleton Gait Training in People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury During Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Randomized Control Trial
    C. Swank; J. Gillespie; D. Arnold; L. Wynne; M. Bennett; F. Meza; C. Ochoa; L. Callender; S. Sikka; S. Driver · Arch Phys Med Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.04.015
  13. 13
    Effectiveness of a Passive Hip Exoskeleton (ExoBand, by Moveo, Padova, Italy) in Improving Walking Speed After the Rehabilitation of Patients with Neurological Diseases
    C. Semplicini; S. Cimino; A. Gerardi; G. Marcolin; F. A. Panizzolo · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.01.104
  14. 14
    Experiences of using an exoskeleton by care professionals in elderly care: A descriptive qualitative study
    U. Roentgen; M. Lexis; F. Roost; R. Daniëls · Technology and Disability2025
    Qualitativedoi:10.1177/10554181241301906
  15. 15
    Randomized, crossover clinical trial on the safety, feasibility, and usability of the ABLE exoskeleton: A comparative study with knee-ankle-foot orthoses
    A. Rodriguez-Fernandez; J. Lobo-Prat; M. Tolra-Campanya; F. Perez-Canabate; J. M. Font-Llagunes; L. Guirao-Cano · PLoS One2025
    RCTdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318039
  16. 16
    Effects of robot-assisted gait training on trunk symmetry improvement in patients with chronic hemiplegia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial
    Y. H. Rha; J. B. Shin; J. H. Choi; S. Min Im; I. K. Shin · Hum Mov Sci2025
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.humov.2025.103339
  17. 17
    Unveiling the underlying motor control mechanism of arm-trunk-leg coordinated humanoid exoskeletal interlimb locomotor robotic neurorehabilitation
    S. Park; W. Oh; C. Park; J. H. You · NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal2025
    Otherdoi:10.1177/10538135241293279
  18. 18
    Gait Training with Robotic Exoskeleton: A Case Report on the Treatment of Neurological Patients with Ataxia
    M. Morrow; A. Thorn; M. Morrow · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation2025
    Case seriesdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.01.069
  19. 19
    Evaluation of the effectiveness of Lokomat® robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
    A. Martino Cinnera; I. Ciancarelli; T. Paolucci; A. Merla; M. Di Nicola; D. Perpetuini; M. D'Arienzo; G. Genovesi; A. Moretti; E. F. Russo; M. T. Gatta; F. Gimigliano; D. Cardone; G. Morone · NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1177/10538135241296010
  20. 20
    The Effectiveness of Robotic Constraint Lokomat Training on Gait Rehabilitation in Saudi Females Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    H. Mahmoud; E. A. El-Kafy; M. S. Alayat; K. M. Shalabi; A. A. Ebid; A. A. R. El Fiky · NeuroRehabilitation2025
    RCTdoi:10.1177/10538135251333349
  21. 21
    Effect of the Kickstart exoskeleton lower extremity walking system on improving lower extremity walking ability in subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial
    C. Liang; C. Wan; J. Yang; X. Shen; C. Yu; Y. Shao; P. Che; Y. Zhang; Y. Li · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01676-y
  22. 22
    A novel real-time assistive hip-wearable exoskeleton robot based on motion prediction for lower extremity rehabilitation in subacute stroke: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial
    Y. Li; S. Luo; R. Luo; H. Liu · BMC Neurol2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12883-025-04437-5
  23. 23
    Effects of different exercises on improving gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
    Y. Li; J. Huang; J. Wang; Y. Cheng · Front Aging Neurosci2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1496112
  24. 24
    Neural mechanisms underlying the improvement of gait disturbances in stroke patients through robot-assisted gait training based on QEEG and fNIRS: a randomized controlled study
    X. Li; H. Zhang; W. Zhang; J. Wu; L. Dai; N. Long; T. Jin; L. Gu; J. Chen · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01656-2
  25. 25
    Hands-free Atalante exoskeleton in post-stroke gait and balance rehabilitation: a safety study
    T. Lejeune; D. Nuic; S. Dehem; J. G. Previnaire; C. Cuenot; T. Debugne; J. Kaps; B. Paul; V. Pean; S. S. Perez; F. Juhel; S. Tatsidou; J. Kerdraon · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    Otherdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01621-z
  26. 26
    Effect of Wearable Exoskeleton Robots on Muscle Activation and Gait Parameters on a Treadmill: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    K. J. Lee; Y. G. Nam; J. H. Yu; J. S. Kim · Healthcare (Basel)2025
    RCTdoi:10.3390/healthcare13070700
  27. 27
    Enhancing Hand Motor Recovery Poststroke: A Comparative Study of Robotic vs Conventional Mirror Therapy
    S. Kurniawan; H. Mubarak; N. Sam; Y. Waluyo; A. A. Zainuddin; A. A. Mochtar · Arch Phys Med Rehabil2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.11.008
  28. 28
    Loss of Joint Individuation and Abnormal Synergy Post Stroke in Upper Limb Movements
    K. Koh; G. Oppizzi; R. Baghi; G. J. Kehs; L. Q. Zhang · Neurorehabil Neural Repair2025
    Otherdoi:10.1177/15459683251340914
  29. 29
    Effect of Wearable Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Balance and Walking Ability in Subacute Stroke Patients
    Y. Kim; S. Baek; R. P. Suram; R. Fatima; S. L. An; Y. Hong · Am J Phys Med Rehabil2025
    Otherdoi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000002735
  30. 30
    High-intensity interval training with robot-assisted gait therapy vs. treadmill gait therapy in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial
    J. Kim; J. Do; C. R. Bae; Y. H. Mo; J. H. Kim; D. Y. Kim · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01674-0
  31. 31
    A Soft Robotic Sleeve for Physiotherapy: Improving Elbow Rehabilitation in Baseball Pitchers
    M. U. A. Khan; H. M. S. Ajmal; H. A. Hassan; A. Azam; E. Malik · Physiother Res Int2025
    Otherdoi:10.1002/pri.70025
  32. 32
    Robot-assisted gait training for improved gait independence in individuals with acute hemiparetic stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial
    D. Kato; S. Hirano; D. Imoto; T. Ii; D. Matsuura; T. Ishihara; Y. Otaka · Pilot Feasibility Stud2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s40814-025-01694-6
  33. 33
    Effects of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Balance and Fear of Falling in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    M. S. Gunduz; R. Mustafaoglu; I. H. Ural · Am J Phys Med Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000002674
  34. 34
    Early end-effector-based gait training in non-ambulatory patients with visuospatial neglect after subacute stroke
    A. Gorsler; D. Ernst; U. Grittner; D. Harnack; P. Kossmehl; J. Mehrholz; C. Mueske; P. Schneider; N. Kuelzow · Front Neurol2025
    Otherdoi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1639659
  35. 35
    AGREE: an upper limb motorized exoskeleton for restoring arm functions: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial
    M. Gandolla; B. Luciani; V. Longatelli; P. Tropea; A. Seregni; M. Corbo; F. Braghin; A. Pedrocchi · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01651-7
  36. 36
    Effects of exoskeleton rehabilitation robot training on neuroplasticity and lower limb motor function in patients with stroke
    T. Fan; P. Zheng; X. Zhang; Z. Gong; Y. Shi; M. Wei; J. Zhou; L. He; S. Li; Q. Zeng; P. Lu; Y. Zhao; J. Zou; R. Chen; Z. Peng; C. Xu; P. Cao; G. Huang · BMC Neurol2025
    Otherdoi:10.1186/s12883-025-04203-7
  37. 37
    Effect of robotic-assisted gait training on functional independence measure scores in patients with acquired brain injury: retrospective study
    A. M. Ethier; L. A. Escalante; N. West; C. M. Kwasnica · Front Rehabil Sci2025
    Otherdoi:10.3389/fresc.2025.1575148
  38. 38
    Spinal cord status assessment and early interventional personalized rehabilitation after endoscopic surgery for cervical compressive myelopathy: a randomized trial
    Y. Ding; F. Lou; R. Cao; Z. Lu; G. Yang; Q. Jiang; M. Shuai; Y. Zhong · Spine J2025
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.spinee.2025.05.024
  39. 39
    Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation combined with robotic-assisted body weight-supported treadmill training enhances motor score and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
    N. Comino-Suarez; J. C. Moreno; A. Megia-Garcia; A. J. Del-Ama; D. Serrano-Munoz; J. Avendano-Coy; A. Gil-Agudo; M. Alcobendas-Maestro; E. Lopez-Lopez; J. Gomez-Soriano · J Neuroeng Rehabil2025
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-025-01545-8
  40. 40
    Neurorehabilitation in spinal cord injury: Increased cortical activity through tDCS and robotic gait training
    D. B. Coelho; A. C. Aquino Dos Santos; J. R. Sato; M. Simis; F. Fregni; L. R. Battistella · Clin Neurophysiol2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.03.027
  41. 41
    Relevance of Leg Rehabilitation to Modulating Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review
    G. Ciardi; D. Giraudo; M. Fontana; C. Citterio; P. Gandolfi; G. Lamberti · Bioengineering (Basel)2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/bioengineering12020127
  42. 42
    Robotic assisted and exoskeleton gait training effect in mental health and fatigue of multiple sclerosis patients. A systematic review and a meta-analysis
    V. N. Christodoulou; D. N. Varvarousis; G. Ntritsos; D. Dimopoulos; N. Giannakeas; G. I. Vasileiadis; A. Korompilias; A. Ploumis · Disabil Rehabil2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2338197
  43. 43
    Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Older Patients with Comorbid Conditions: A Pilot Study
    S. I. Choi; S. J. Lim; N. Y. Kim · Exp Aging Res2025
    Pilot/feasibilitydoi:10.1080/0361073X.2025.2459546
  44. 44
    A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
    Z. Chen; Q. Li; Y. Zheng; H. Zhang; L. Chen · J Vis Exp2025
    Otherdoi:10.3791/67342
  45. 45
    Interim results of exoskeletal wearable robot for gait recovery in subacute stroke patients
    W. H. Chang; T. W. Kim; H. S. Kim; F. A. Hanapiah; J. W. Lee; S. H. Han; C. W. Jia; D. H. Kim; D. Y. Kim · Sci Rep2025
    Otherdoi:10.1038/s41598-025-96084-6
  46. 46
    Therapists' perspective on acceptance of robot-assisted physical rehabilitation in a middle-income country: a study from Vietnam
    H. L. Cao; D. D. Pham; T. H. Luu; P. H. Le; Q. T. Nguyen; T. P. T. Thien; P. M. Nguyen; H. D. Nguyen; C. N. Nguyen · Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol2025
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/17483107.2024.2378057
  47. 47
    Robot-assisted gait training after severe traumatic brain injury for walking ability and social participation: protocol for a feasibility study
    J. C. Buarque; A. Boening; G. C. Santana; F. Areas · BMJ Open2025
    Study protocoldoi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094361
  48. 48
    Metabolic intensity of gait training approaches in adults with spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation: A substudy of a large randomized controlled trial
    K. D. Bosteder; N. Chand; D. Arnold; J. Gillespie; L. Wynne; S. Baltz; M. Bennett; F. Meza; S. Sikka; S. Driver; C. Swank · PM R2025
    RCTdoi:10.1002/pmrj.70007
  49. 49
    Physiological and perceptual demand of gait training on inpatient physiotherapists
    K. D. Bosteder; D. Arnold; J. Gillespie; N. Chand; S. Merkle; M. McCorkle; M. Bennett; S. Sikka; R. Dubiel; S. Driver; C. Swank · Clin Rehabil2025
    Otherdoi:10.1177/02692155251334286
  50. 50
    Metabolic Intensity of Overground Robotic Exoskeleton Gait Training Among Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury
    K. Bosteder; M. Benning; M. Bennett; S. Baltz; F. Meza; S. Sikka; R. Dubiel; S. Driver; C. Swank · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.01.189
  51. 51
    Comparing Microprocessor-Controlled and Non-Microprocessor-Controlled Prosthetic Knees Across All Classified Domains of the ICF Model: A Pragmatic Clinical Trial
    C. E. Bosman; B. L. Seves; J. H. B. Geertzen; B. Fard; I. E. Newsum; M. A. Paping; A. H. Vrieling; C. K. van der Sluis · Prosthesis2025
    Otherdoi:10.3390/prosthesis7040089
  52. 52
    Low intensity interval robot-assisted gait training improves mobility in people with progressive multiple sclerosis: the PROGR-EX randomized controlled trial
    A. Baroni; N. Lamberti; G. Perachiotti; A. Crepaldi; G. Piva; F. Manfredini; S. Straudi · Mult Scler Relat Disord2025
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106777
  53. 53
    Robotic versus treadmill training: Postural stability in ambulatory CP: RCT study
    M. Aljosh; M. F. Algabbani; J. M. Fagehi; M. Bawazeer; M. A. Almohiza; A. M. Albishi; A. A. Alhusaini · Pediatr Int2025
    RCTdoi:10.1111/ped.70214
  54. 54
    Pragmatic recommendations to improve access to rehabilitation robots, assistive technologies and neurorehabilitation services in Africa: proceedings from ICORR-SASNET Ghana neurorehabilitation workshop, 2024
    E. Ad Adams; R. Riener; M. Bouri; I. Gunther; M. Olaogun; M. A. Komolafe; C. A. Ad Adams; A. Akpalu; M. W. Agoriwo; L. W. Ajavon; K. Ayodele; A. A. Sanusi; A. O. Idowu; A. Ogunmodede; B. O. Quao; K. X. Khor; A. Kamadu; S. C. Maholo; S. Halfon; U. C. Eke; S. O. Ayenowowon; E. A. Nelson; M. C. Barnes; P. Yeboah; P. A. Amoah; C. K. Dakpoe; M. O. Owolabi; M. J. Johnson · Frontiers in Stroke2025
    Otherdoi:10.3389/fstro.2025.1565651
  55. 55
    The effects of family directed power mobility on self-care, mobility, and social function in very young children with severe multiple developmental impairments
    J. Aceros; G. M. Cesar; A. Rodriguez; M. Lundy · Front Rehabil Sci2025
    Otherdoi:10.3389/fresc.2025.1551536
  56. 56
    Comparison of Five Rehabilitation Interventions for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Trial
    J. Tollar; S. Kora; P. Kos; Z. Vadaszi; I. Drotar; P. Prukner; G. Wersenyi; T. Haidegger; T. Vetrovsky; T. Hortobagyi · J Clin Med2025
    RCTdoi:10.3390/jcm14051648
  57. 57
    Perspectives of Occupational Therapists Toward Robot-Assisted Therapy for Stroke Survivors: A Scoping Review
    C. Thawisuk; K. Inoue; N. Suyama; R. Miyadera; C. Bunyawat · Occup Ther Health Care2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/07380577.2025.2560986
  58. 58
    Physiotherapists' User Acceptance of a Lower Limb Robotic Exoskeleton in Specialized Rehabilitation: Qualitative Exploratory Study
    A. Olimb Hillkirk; K. Skavberg Roaldsen; H. M. Johnsen · JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol2025
    Qualitativedoi:10.2196/68233
  59. 59
    At-Home Stroke Neurorehabilitation: Early Findings with the NeuroExo BCI System
    J. J. Gonzalez-Espana; L. Sanchez-Rodriguez; M. A. Pacheco-Ramirez; J. Feng; K. Nedley; S. H. Chang; G. E. Francisco; J. L. Contreras-Vidal · Sensors (Basel)2025
    Otherdoi:10.3390/s25051322
  60. 60
    Exoskeleton rehabilitation robot training for balance and lower limb function in sub-acute stroke patients: a pilot, randomized controlled trial
    Y. Zhang; W. Zhao; C. Wan; X. Wu; J. Huang; X. Wang; G. Huang; W. Ding; Y. Chen; J. Yang; B. Su; Y. Xu; Z. Zhou; X. Zhang; F. Miao; J. Li; Y. Li · J Neuroeng Rehabil2024
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s12984-024-01391-0
  61. 61
    Clinical study on the safety and feasibility of AiWalker-K for lower limbs exercise rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy
    Y. Zhang; Z. Hui; W. Qi; J. Zhang; M. Wang; D. Zhu · PLoS One2024
    Pilot/feasibilitydoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303517
  62. 62
    Effectiveness of the A3 robot on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients: A prospective, randomized controlled trial
    L. J. Zhang; X. Wen; Y. Peng; W. Hu; H. Liao; Z. C. Liu; H. Y. Liu · World J Clin Cases2024
    RCTdoi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i24.5523
  63. 63
    The effect of body weight-supported Tai Chi Yunshou on upper limb motor function in stroke survivors based on neurobiomechanical analysis: a four-arm, parallel-group, assessors-blind randomized controlled trial protocol
    L. Zhang; J. Wang; H. Zhou; W. Liao; N. Wang; X. Yu · Front Neurol2024
    RCTdoi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1395164
  64. 64
    Effect of robotic exoskeleton training on lower limb function, activity and participation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    J. Yang; Y. Zhu; H. Li; K. Wang; D. Li; Q. Qi · Front Neurol2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1453781
  65. 65
    Effect of a soft exosuit on daily life gait performance in people with incomplete spinal cord injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    L. Visch; B. E. Groen; A. C. H. Geurts; I. J. W. van Nes; N. L. W. Keijsers · Trials2024
    RCTdoi:10.1186/s13063-024-08412-2
  66. 66
    Perspectives of wheelchair users with chronic spinal cord injury following a walking program using a wearable robotic exoskeleton
    C. Vincent; F. S. Dumont; M. Rogers; T. Hu; A. Bass; M. Aubertin-Leheudre; A. D. Karelis; S. N. Morin; M. McKerral; C. Duclos; D. H. Gagnon · Disabil Rehabil2024
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    Evidence that robot-assisted gait training modulates neuroplasticity after stroke: An fMRI pilot study based on graph theory analysis
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    Are we there yet?" expectations and experiences with lower limb robotic exoskeletons: a qualitative evaluation of the therapist perspective"
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    The rehabilitation robot: factors influencing its use, advantages and limitations in clinical rehabilitation
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    Exercising with a robotic exoskeleton can improve memory and gait in people with Parkinson's disease by facilitating progressive exercise intensity
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    M. C. Mauro; A. Fasano; M. Germanotta; L. Cortellini; S. Insalaco; A. Pavan; A. Comanducci; E. Guglielmelli; I. G. Aprile · IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng2024
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    The effect of using the hip exoskeleton assistive (HEXA) robot compared to conventional physiotherapy on clinical functional outcomes in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial
    H. Mamipour; S. A. Hoseini; H. Negahban; A. Moradi; A. Hojjati; F. Rezaeitalab; M. Torshizian; A. Mehrali; M. Parsa; I. Kardan; H. Tabesh; E. G. Hassankhani; A. Akbarzadeh · BMC Biomed Eng2024
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    Effect of Programed Walking Exercise Using Bot Fit in Younger Adults
    S. H. Lee; E. Kim; J. Kim; D. Kim; D. Lee; H. J. Lee; Y. H. Kim · Sports Med Open2024
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    Identifying optimal candidates and interventions in physical therapy and exoskeletal and end-effector robot-assisted gait training for balance, gait, and cognition: A longitudinal study of 190 patients with stroke
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    Simultaneous high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted gait training in stroke patients
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    Use of a Robotic Walking Device for Home and Community Mobility in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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    Combining Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride With Targeted Muscle Activation Training to Treat Upper Extremity Stroke: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
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    Robot-assisted gait training improves walking and cerebral connectivity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
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    The Impact of Botulinum Toxin Combined with Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Spasticity and Gross Motor Function on Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
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    Effect of robot-assisted gait training on motor dysfunction in Parkinson's patients:A systematic review and meta-analysis
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    Efficacy of a Soft Robotic Exoskeleton to Improve Lower Limb Motor Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
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    Evaluation of the efficacy of a novel lumbar exoskeleton with multiple interventions for patients with lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of non-inferiority
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    Therapeutic effects of powered exoskeletal robot-assisted gait training in inpatients in the early stage after stroke: a pilot case-controlled study
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    Effects of a lower limb walking exoskeleton on quality of life and activities of daily living in patients with complete spinal cord injury: A randomized controlled trial
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    Effect of acupuncture combined with lower limb gait rehabilitation robot on improving walking function in stroke patients with hemiplegia
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    One-Leg Robotic-Assisted Gait Training Efficiently Improves Gait Independence for Acute Stroke Hemiplegic Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study
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    Effects of robot-assisted gait training using the Welwalk on gait independence for individuals with hemiparetic stroke: an assessor-blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial
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    Clinical Uptake of Pediatric Exoskeletons: Pilot Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
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    Lower-Limb Exoskeletons for Gait Training in Parkinson's Disease: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives
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    Effects of high-intensity interval robot-assisted gait training on cardiopulmonary function and walking ability in chronic stroke survivors: A multicenter single-blind randomized controlled trial
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    Early robotic gait training after stroke (ERA Stroke): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
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    Overground Gait Training With a Wearable Robot in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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    Early implementation of MAK robotic device in total knee arthroplasty rehabilitation: A proof-of-concept study
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    Exoskeleton-assisted upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
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    First report of a new exoskeleton in incomplete spinal cord injury: FreeGait((R))
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    Effect of exoskeleton manipulator on hand function rehabilitation for postburn patients
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    Exoskeleton-Assisted Walking for Pulmonary and Exercise Performances of SCI Individuals
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    Functional Resistance Training Differentially Alters Gait Kinetics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot Study
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    Gait pattern after electromechanically-assisted gait training with the Hybrid Assistive Limb and conventional gait training in sub-acute stroke rehabilitation-A subsample from a randomized controlled trial
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    Retrospective case-control study to compare exoskeleton-assisted walking with standard care in subacute non-traumatic brain injury patients
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    Effects of end-effector robot-assisted gait training on gait ability, muscle strength, and balance in patients with spinal cord injury
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    Robotic locomotor training for spasticity, pain, and quality of life in individuals with chronic SCI: A pilot randomized controlled trial
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    Neurophysiological and Clinical Effects of Upper Limb Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation on Motor Recovery in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol
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    Users' experiences of intensive robotic-assisted gait training post-stroke - a push forward or feeling pushed around?""
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    New Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Electromyography-Driven Robot Hand for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of Patients With Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
    Y. Murakami; K. Honaga; H. Kono; K. Haruyama; T. Yamaguchi; M. Tani; R. Isayama; T. Takakura; A. Tanuma; K. Hatori; F. Wada; T. Fujiwara · Neurorehabil Neural Repair2023
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    Safety and Feasibility of Robot-assisted Gait Training in Adults with Cerebral Palsy in an Inpatient Setting - an Observational Study
    F. Moll; A. Kessel; A. Bonetto; J. Stresow; M. Herten; M. Dudda; J. Adermann · J Dev Phys Disabil2023
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    Gait training with a wearable powered robot during stroke rehabilitation: a randomized parallel-group trial
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    Effect of using of a lower-extremity exoskeleton on disability of people with multiple sclerosis
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    Overground Robotic Exoskeleton Training for Patients With Stroke on Walking-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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    Therapeutic Effects of Robotic-Exoskeleton-Assisted Gait Rehabilitation and Predictive Factors of Significant Improvements in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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    End-effector lower limb robot-assisted gait training effects in subacute stroke patients: A randomized controlled pilot trial
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    Internet of Things (IoT) Enables Robot-Assisted Therapy as a Home Program for Training Upper Limb Functions in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Control Crossover Study
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    Can a passive unilateral hip exosuit diminish walking asymmetry? A randomized trial
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    Does frequent use of an exoskeletal upper limb robot improve motor function in stroke patients?
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    Exoskeleton-based training improves walking independence in incomplete spinal cord injury patients: results from a randomized controlled trial
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    Effect of robot-assisted gait training on the biomechanical properties of burn scars: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial
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    Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
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    Gait training with Achilles ankle exoskeleton in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury subjects
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    The Next Generation of Exoskeletons: Lighter, Cheaper Devices Are In the Works
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